[TreesAndBirds]

While Shaw certainly is correct that the institutions themselves should be fined if proven to be cheaters, how exactly does he propose that proof get collected?

Your point is a very good one. I have found that when corporations get caught for doing bad things it is usually a disgruntled employee, or customer, or shareholder etc who informs on them.  And the SEC (the government, not the football conference) has mandated well publicized anonymous tip lines that go directly to the board where people can disclose nefarious things to the top levels at the company. There are of course other things that could be done as well (eg, NFL not hiring coaches whose teams broke significant rules, sports clothing companies being banned from all NCAA activities if they break significant rules, etc) but as you also mentioned, the key is whether there is a will to address the problem.

[TreesAndBirds]

While Shaw certainly is correct that the institutions themselves should be fined if proven to be cheaters, how exactly does he propose that proof get collected?

Your point is a very good one. I have found that when corporations get caught for doing bad things it is usually a disgruntled employee, or customer, or shareholder etc who informs on them.  And the SEC (the government, not the football conference) has mandated well publicized anonymous tip lines that go directly to the board where people can disclose nefarious things to the top levels at the company. There are of course other things that could be done as well (eg, NFL not hiring coaches whose teams broke significant rules, sports clothing companies being banned from all NCAA activities if they break significant rules, etc) but as you also mentioned, the key is whether there is a will to address the problem.