[M T]

An interesting read on the Shadow Fleet issue & possible approaches and consequences:
  Russia’s ‘Shadow Fleet’ and Sanctions Evasion: What Is To Be Done?  (Nick Childs, Jan 2025)

I liked the ideas mentioned at the end about sanctions on specific ports and crewing organizations, but it wasn't clear how effective they might be.

[M T]

An interesting read on the Shadow Fleet issue & possible approaches and consequences:
  Russia’s ‘Shadow Fleet’ and Sanctions Evasion: What Is To Be Done?  (Nick Childs, Jan 2025)

I liked the ideas mentioned at the end about sanctions on specific ports and crewing organizations, but it wasn't clear how effective they might be.